Since the dawn of time, one question has struck icy fear into the hearts of PR executives: How do you plan to measure the success of your campaign?

Old-school offline public relations can be something of an ethereal discipline which delivers a lot of fluffy, intangible benefits but very little that can be clearly and definitively measured (beyond a few pretty looking press-clippings) but fortunately, I think, it’s a little easier to find useful metrics for online and social media PR campaigns. The important thing is to build measurement into the campaign right from the very beginning – this means making sure the client understands what can and can’t be measured and agreeing on the campaign goals and KPIs with those things in mind.

Since so much of online PR is focused on search engine optimisation tactics for the client’s website, one of the most obvious ways to measure results is to track how the site traffic changes in response to a campaign, although it’s a brave PR who’ll promise specific web traffic increases (either absolute or relative) as a KPI. SEO, like PR, is an inexact science. A more realistic approach might be to use inbound-link generation (since inbound-links are still the staple ingredient of good SEO) as a quantitative and qualitative KPI.  So rather than promising the client a 10% increase in traffic, you might instead tell the client that a particular tactic will generate 20 links (quantitative) to the specified landing page from subject-relevant sites with a Google PageRank of at least 5 (qualitative – for the record, I strongly agree with Steve Rubel’s assertion that PageRank is currently the best meaure of a website’s influence for public relations purposes).

But obviously this kind of thing can’t be the only measure of how a PR campaign has performed, so here are a couple of useful tools that I think are particularly good for producing truly meaningful metrics that are backed up by some solid science and should stand up to scrutiny from even the most nitpicky of clients. Plus, they both generate nice shiny graphs which look good in Powerpoint slides…

Google Insights for Search

What it does: Since 2004 Google has accumulated a massive amount of data on what people are searching for on the web. Insights for search simply lets you examine that data by entering a key word or phrase and seeing how the volume of people searching for it has changed over any period of time you select. You can focus in on the search habits of different countries, compare multiple search terms on a single graph, and even download the data into a spreadsheet if you’re feeling analytical.

How you can use it:  By examining the search volumes for your client’s brands, product names or other key terms related to the campaign, you’ll be able to see whether the number of people searching for those terms has increased, decreased, or remained unchanged over time.  This provides a good indicator of how public interest in these terms has changed in response to your campaign and you can also try comparing against competitors’ brands to get some market context.

Trendrr.com

What it does: Trendrr is a great tool for monitoring trends in various data sources, such as Google Blog and News search results, Technorati blog search results, Facebook application users statistics, YouTube video stats and much more. So for example, you can set up a tracker to show how many Google News results are returned for your clients’ brand/product name, and every day Trendrr will automatically perform that search and update your graph with the result so that you can see if the number of online news stories mentioning that brand is rising or falling over time – and you can do the same with Google Blog search results too.

How you can use it: This should be fairly self-explanatory. First think of all the key words and phrases that are relevant to your client and set up Trendrr trackers for all of them in each of the data sources you want to track (Google News and Blog results should be your absolute minimum). This will provide you with a useful ongoing measure of how widely all these terms are being written about by journalists and bloggers, and you’ll be able to see instantly whether your campaign has significantly increased volumes of coverage. Trendrr produces some nice graphs that you can cut and paste into reports, or you can download the data into a spreadsheet to create your own visualisations.

If you’ve got any favourite tools for measuring the success of online and social media campaigns, please feel free to drop them in the comments.

A question that’s come up time and time again since I got involved in social media PR is how to measure the influence of a blog. Mainstream media has well established metrics for measuring influence but things aren’t quite so straight forward for blogs, so if you’re putting together a target list for a PR campaign and you need to know which bloggers you should prioritise, how do you figure out which ones have the most clout?

I recommend using a combination of the following factors to get a feel for how influential a blog is – there’s no magic bullet for this problem just yet, but with a bit of research you can build a fairly clear picture of which bloggers are worth focusing your efforts on.

Technorati

In this situation, most PR people will head straight over to Technorati to get ‘Authority’ rankings for the blogs they’re interested in working with. If you don’t already know, Technorati is the leading blog directory on the web and ranks blogs’ importance by giving them a rating which it calls ‘Authority’.

This is based on a fairly simple calculation of how many other blogs have linked to a particular blog over the past six months. Authority can (and often is) as little as zero, while the most popular blog listed on Technorati has an Authority of almost 29,000.

Although Technorati Authority is a useful guide for comparing the relative popularity of different blogs, it does have a few limitations and you shouldn’t rely on it as the sole metric for measuring blogs influence.

Google

Google assigns every website in its index with a rating of between zero and ten, which it calls PageRank (often referred to as PR, just to confuse things) and has a major effect on how highly that site is listed in Google search results. A site with a PageRank of 10 is extremely important and will get a lot of traffic, while a site with zero PageRank will have practically no visitors at all.

Google uses a highly sophisticated algorithm to calculate PageRank, and it’s always being tweaked in order to achieve the best results and prevent spammers from abusing the system to try and drive more traffic to their splogs (spam-blogs). For this reason, I think PageRank is a very useful and trustworthy metric to use for measuring a blog’s influence level.

Google does not list PageRank in its search results – if you want to view a site’s PageRank the best thing to do is install the Google Toolbar on your browser. Alternatively, there are plenty of free PageRank checker sites you could use.

Alexa

Under normal circumstances the only person who has access to a website’s traffic statistics is the webmaster, because he’s the only person who can accurately measure that data by running stats tracking software on his web-server. But Alexa attempts to provide similar data by monitoring the web-viewing habits of ‘millions’ of web users who have the Alexa toolbar installed in their browsers.

It provides a few different metrics, but the most useful is what it calls Reach – this is simply the percentage of web users who visit a particular site over a given period. For example, Google’s Reach over the past three months is 28.9% – which means that 28.9% of internet users visited Google during that period.

A lot of people trust Alexa figures when they’re researching blogs and other websites, but I think these figures are pretty flaky, mostly because I don’t think I’ve ever seen anybody using the Alexa toolbar in real life and I can’t imagine why many people would want to use it. If millions of people are using it, I’m not sure they accurately represent the browsing habits of all internet users.

Common Sense

I think the best way to assess a blog’s influence is to take a good look at it. Browse through the archives and look at things like:

• How regularly is it updated? Some great blogs are infrequently updated, but generally speaking the more regularly a blog updates, the more likely it is to be influential.  
• How old is the blog? Blogs which have been around longer have more opportunity to build up a larger audience.
• How active is the community? Do lots of people comment on the posts?
• Does the blog have many regular commenters? Popular blogs tend to draw in a community of regular commenters, so this is a good sign.

All of these things should help you to form a better idea of a blog’s influence. No single metric can really give you the full story, but when used in conjunction with each other all of these factors will give you a much clearer picture of which bloggers you should focus your efforts on.

Since quitting journalism to join the murky world of public relations, I’ve been amazed to see just how badly the PR industry is tying itself up in knots trying to figure out how to deal with bloggers. Even today a lot of PR people seem to be completely baffled by what I thought would be relatively straightforward issues:

• What exactly is a blog, how is it different from any other content based website?
• What’s the difference between bloggers and journalists?
• How are we supposed to engage with bloggers?

These can be very complex questions, but they don’t need to be. For a start the word ‘blog’ is incredibly broad, and can be used to describe literally any site that runs on a blogging platform such as WordPress, Blogger, LiveJournal, Movable Type, etc. But to lump millions of different websites together simply because they happen to use a similar type of content management software, as some PRs have a tendency to do, is painfully stupid.

You wouldn’t put The Times and the local school newsletter on the same media list just because they both happen to be printed on paper. But because of this tendency to think of all blogs as equal, a lot of PRs still have a clichéd mental image of bloggers as greasy loners posting bitter tirades which nobody reads, which is a pretty moronic outlook when you consider the Technorati Top 100 blog list is littered with highly influential and professional blogs.

This brings me onto my next point – while some journalists, and possibly even bloggers, may not agree with this sentiment, from the perspective of the PR industry there is no real difference between the two. Somebody who writes for a professional, high quality blog is essentially doing the same kind of job as somebody who writes for a print newspaper or magazine. They are both influencers, they both have an audience, and ultimately that’s what really matters as far as PR is concerned.

As blogs and conventional publishers both branch out into areas like web based video and podcasts, it’s getting increasingly difficult to clearly delineate them. It’s no longer about whether you’re a blog, a newspaper or even a TV network, it’s about creating media brands and delivering strong content through a range of channels.

This is why I think it’s pointless to try and differentiate between bloggers and journalists at all. Instead, PRs should simply focus on identifying the influencers which are most relevant to their clients’ objectives, regardless of which channels those influencers choose to deliver their content.

However, there are likely to be obstacles to this approach for many organisations:

• PRs like to have nice clear metrics to measure influence, those metrics are well established in convention media but measuring the influence of blogs is much more difficult
• There can be political issues when different individuals/departments/agencies disagree over who should take ownership of relationships with bloggers, which invariably boil down to arguments about how blogs should be classified

These aren’t unsolvable problems, but they’re the kind of things that can really throw a spanner in the works if the will or creativity required to overcome them is in short supply. But there’s significant competitive advantage to be gained here – so either you figure out how to do it, or sit around and wait for your competitors to get there first.

(Er… I know I kind of skipped out on the ‘how do we engage with bloggers’ question, but I noticed this post was dragging on a bit, so I’ll leave that for another article.)

This blog’s been neglected for a while because I’ve been wrapped up with various Real Life(tm) shenanigans, but things are starting to settle down again now and I’m hoping I’ll have more time to post regularly.

A big change that I need to announce is that after three happy(ish) years at Prompt Communications, I’ve moved to a new job at immediate future, a PR agency based in Kingston-upon-Thames which specialises in online PR and social media. I’ve been increasingly moving in this general direction in recent years, so it’s a good fit career-wise and I’m pretty stoked to be working at a company that’s right on the leading edge of all the progressive stuff that’s happening in the PR industry right now. Best of all, I’m working on accounts like Sony, which is a wet-dream client for a geeky nerdlinger like me.

Hopefully, all this will provide me with plenty of ammunition for the blog, although whether I’ll find the time to write anything is a different question entirely – redefining PR is a pretty time consuming business…

Even after spending twelve years as a journalist, I still get a warm tingly feeling when I see my name in print – especially as it doesn’t happen so much now that I’m working for the dark side. I’ve just learned that I’m quoted in the latest edition of Revolution/Brand Republic for a story they’ve run on the work we’re currently doing with Yell Group:

Lance Concannon, director of social media at Prompt Communications, added: “Businesses cannot afford to ignore online channels. This is where brand reputations and customers’ buying decisions are played out. Savvy consumer-facing brands such as Yell understand that social media must be included in communications strategies.”

The problem with all this blogging and social media stuff is that while plenty of companies are interested in this area, few are willing to go on record and discuss what they’re actually doing. This is understandable, but of course makes it difficult to get customer references and generate the press coverage we need to let people know what sort of services we offer and what kind of organisations are using them.

To have a client like Yell Group, which is happy to stand up and say they’re working with us in this area, is great for us. I just hope that as we move forward more companies will be willing to discuss their social media activities, because that would be good news for everybody. Social media is still perceived by many as a very woolly discipline, but if there’s a bit more visibility in terms of what ‘real’ companies are doing in this area, that will help demystify the subject and demonstrate some of the tangible benefits.

We were recently approached by a global enterprise tech company that’s interested in tracking discussions of its brands in blogs and social media specifically in the EMEA region. This is a surprisingly common request. Of course I always give them the spiel about the global nature of the blogosphere and the futility of trying to divide it up along conventional geographic boundaries – but this kind of thinking isn’t really compatible with the practicalities of working with a multi-national company. If Joe is head of EMEA PR, then Joe is only interested in EMEA blogs, and it’s my job to figure out a way of delivering or they take the business elsewhere.

The difficulty is that there’s no kind of identifying tag which lets you easily and automatically ascertain the geography of a blog – you can’t simply perform a search for blogs only from the UK, or Asia or Western Europe. The only way to figure it out is to manually examine each blog and hope the author has explicitly stated a location in their profile, or at least left some sort of clue in one of their posts.

It’s tricky and time consuming, and it really needs to be done manually. So many companies in this space are trying to develop fully automated monitoring systems, but I think when you look at the requirement to segregate blogs geographically (combined with the technical problem of separating genuine blog coverage from spam-blogs and false positives) the only way to guarantee high quality results is to underpin whatever automatic blog monitoring tools you may be using with a strong element of human intelligence.

Some people in the industry don’t like the sound of this, because it essentially means that you need to have a member of staff taking the time to read each piece of blog coverage to decide whether it’s genuinely relevant to your client. This, of course, costs more than a software solution which could do the job automatically at the push of a button – but the truth is that no such system exists, and anybody who tries to tell you they’ve solved the problem is most likely trying to sell you snake oil.

I was giving a presentation to some of my colleagues today, going over the basics of what Web 2.0 means for us as a PR agency, and one of them asked the following question: “There are so many new sites and platforms coming along every year, how do we know which ones we’re supposed to pay attention to?”

It’s a valid question, but the answer is simple: You can’t, so don’t bother trying. The internet is full of Bandwagoneers and Me-Too Merchants, if you tried to track every single start-up and predict which ones would be successful and, moreover, useful from a PR perspective, you’d go mental.

The good news is that there’s practically no advantage to being on the bleeding edge of Web 2.0 development. If you want to impress the client with your encyclopaedic knowledge of the very latest social media platforms, that’s all well and good, but there’s no point pretending that any of them have much to offer until they’ve reached some sort of critical mass in terms of users.

There’s a lot of pressure in the tech industry to constantly be on the leading edge, and that’s no bad thing because it’s always a good idea to know what’s coming over the horizon. But as far as PR is concerned, where’s the advantage? If that hot new start-up you read about really is the next Facebook, then it’s not going to be very useful to you until everybody else agrees with that assessment, and it’s still going to be around in six months time.

Venture capitalists may have to break a sweat trying to figure out who tomorrow’s winners are going to be, but in the PR business it’s our job to figure out how we can put these platforms to work for our clients, only after the markets have chosen the winners.

You might know Six Apart as the company behind various blogging tools and platforms such as Movable Type and LiveJournal. This week the company boldly announced that it was “Opening the Social Graph” which all sounds very impressive and Web 2.0-ish, but probably means absolutely nothing to average Joe Webuser. I’ll try to decipher the announcement as best I can, but please feel free to correct me if you think I’ve misinterpreted.

Let’s start with ‘social graph’ – your social graph describes the complex array of relationships you have with other users of the various social media platforms you use. That includes all your Facebook friends, the people who comment on your blog, the bloggers who you leave comments for, Digg users you chat with and so on. At present, the social graph is more of a concept than a tangible thing – it only really exists in the form of a bunch of different website accounts, but it’s mostly managed in your head rather than by any one service or technology.

What Six Apart is announcing is a set of open source technologies which will make your social graph easier to manage. Imagine if you didn’t have to set up a new account every time you wanted to comment on a blog or join a new site like Flickr or YouTube. Instead, imagine that you have a simple tool that you can use for managing your online identity and the online relationships you have with different websites and other people.

OpenID is the technology which will make this happen – the project originally started life at LiveJournal, and has now taken on a life of its own as an open source platform, but Six Apart is still very much involved in its development, and pushing more people to adopt it as a standard for online identity management.

The meat of what Six Apart is announcing here is a kind of proof of concept demo based around OpenID and various other technologies (which I won’t go into, because it would take up too much space, and I can’t be bothered to do the research) which allows you to manage all of your social networks from one place. Think about that for a second –you’ve got accounts on Digg, Facebook, YouTube and who knows what else, not to mention a dozen or so blogs scattered across various platforms, all requiring separate logins and individual management of your relationships within those online locations. What Six Apart wants to do is allow you to do all of that stuff in one place.

Furthermore, you might want to manage multiple identities for different parts of your online life – keeping your professional and personal identities separate is an increasing concern for a lot of people. Again, Six Apart is talking about providing the tools which make it easy to do that from a single locations and this leads onto giving users greater control over their privacy.

This can all be quite complicated stuff when you get right down to the technical nuts and bolts – most people aren’t going to be interested in all this low level detail. Nevertheless, it’s got the potential to lead us in some very interesting directions and significantly change the way we all use the web, so it’s worth paying attention. If nothing else, I recommend you run through the example videos on Six Apart’s site, since they provide an easy to digest demonstration of how this kind of stuff might work for end users in the real world.